@article {4375, title = {Drinking before and after pregnancy recognition among South African women: the moderating role of traumatic experiences.}, journal = {BMC pregnancy and childbirth}, volume = {14}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, pages = {97}, abstract = {South Africa has one of the world{\textquoteright}s highest rates of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) and interpersonal trauma. These co-occurring public health problems raise the need to understand alcohol consumption among trauma-exposed pregnant women in this setting. Since a known predictor of drinking during pregnancy is drinking behavior before pregnancy, this study explored the relationship between women{\textquoteright}s drinking levels before and after pregnancy recognition, and whether traumatic experiences - childhood abuse or recent intimate partner violence (IPV) - moderated this relationship.}, keywords = {Adult, Alcohol Drinking, Domestic Violence, Female, Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Incidence, Pregnancy, Sex Offenses, South Africa, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Wounds and Injuries}, issn = {1471-2393}, doi = {10.1186/1471-2393-14-97}, author = {Choi, Karmel W and Abler, Laurie A and Watt, Melissa H and Eaton, Lisa A and Kalichman, Seth C and Skinner, Donald and Pieterse, Desiree and Sikkema, Kathleen J} }