%0 Journal Article %J AIDS patient care and STDs %D 2011 %T Brief behavioral self-regulation counseling for HIV treatment adherence delivered by cell phone: an initial test of concept trial. %A Kalichman, Seth C %A Kalichman, Moira O %A Cherry, Chauncey %A Swetzes, Connie %A Amaral, Christina M %A White, Denise %A Jones, Mich'l %A Grebler, Tamar %A Eaton, Lisa %K Adult %K Aged %K Cellular Phone %K Counseling %K Drug Administration Schedule %K Female %K Follow-Up Studies %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Intervention Studies %K Male %K Medication Adherence %K Middle Aged %K Self Care %K Self Efficacy %K Social Control, Informal %K Socioeconomic Factors %K Treatment Outcome %N 5 %P 303-10 %R 10.1089/apc.2010.0367 %V 25 %X Affordable and effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence interventions are needed for many patients to promote positive treatment outcomes and prevent viral resistance. We conducted a two-arm randomized trial (n = 40 men and women receiving and less than 95% adherent to ART) to test a single office session followed by four biweekly cell phone counseling sessions that were grounded in behavioral self-management model of medication adherence using data from phone-based unannounced pill counts to provide feedback-guided adherence strategies. The control condition received usual care and matched office and cell phone/pill count contacts. Participants were baseline assessed and followed with biweekly unannounced pill counts and 4-month from baseline computerized interviews (39/40 retained). Results showed that the self-regulation counseling delivered by cell phone demonstrated significant improvements in adherence compared to the control condition; adherence improved from 87% of pills taken at baseline to 94% adherence 4 months after baseline, p < 0.01. The observed effect sizes ranged from moderate (d = 0.45) to large (d = 0.80). Gains in adherence were paralleled with increased self-efficacy (p < 0.05) and use of behavioral strategies for ART adherence (p < 0.05). We conclude that the outcomes from this test of concept trial warrant further research on cell phone-delivered self-regulation counseling in a larger and more rigorous trial. %8 2011 May