@article {1399,
	title = {HIV drug resistance and HIV transmission risk behaviors among active injection drug users.},
	journal = {Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)},
	volume = {40},
	year = {2005},
	month = {2005 Sep 1},
	pages = {106-9},
	abstract = {HIV(+) injection drug users in clinical care may harbor and transmit drug-resistant HIV. We performed a retrospective study of HIV drug resistance and risk behavior among HIV(+) injection drug users in care to determine the number of needle-sharing events that involved and the proportion of sharing partners exposed to drug-resistant HIV. Among 180 HIV injection drug users, 55 (31\%) reported injecting drugs in the previous month, and 22 of these (40\%) shared needles and/or works 148 times with 296 partners, of whom 271 (92\%) were thought to be HIV(-) or status unknown. Further, 55 (31\%) drug users harbored resistant HIV, including 5 (3\% of total) who also shared needles and/or works a total of 27 times with 44 partners (18\% of all sharing events and 15\% of all exposed partners). A small proportion of injection drug users receiving clinical care engage in injection risk behavior and carry resistant HIV; however, because of multiple partners and needle-sharing events, they expose a substantial number of individuals to drug-resistant HIV. Strategies to reduce injection drug use risk behaviors among patients in clinical care are needed to reduce the transmission of sensitive and resistant HIV.},
	keywords = {Anti-HIV Agents, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Drug Resistance, Female, HIV, HIV Infections, Humans, Male, Needle Sharing, Retrospective Studies, Risk-Taking, Substance Abuse, Intravenous},
	issn = {1525-4135},
	doi = {10.3109/00952990.2011.568081},
	author = {Kozal, Michael J and Amico, K Rivet and Chiarella, Jennifer and Cornman, Deborah and Fisher, William and Fisher, Jeffrey and Friedland, Gerald}
}
