@article {2004, title = {Cigarette smoking in the HIV-infected population.}, journal = {Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society}, volume = {8}, year = {2011}, month = {2011 Jun}, pages = {313-9}, abstract = {As mortality due to AIDS-related causes has decreased with the use of antiretroviral therapy, there has been a rise in deaths related to non-AIDS-defining illnesses. Given the exceedingly high prevalence of cigarette smoking among individuals living with HIV infection, tobacco has been implicated as a major contributor to this paradigm shift. Evidence suggests that smoking-related illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory illnesses, and certain malignancies, contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected persons. In this review, we summarize the adverse health consequences of smoking relevant to HIV-infected individuals and discuss smoking cessation in this unique population, including a discussion of barriers to quitting and a review of studies that have examined smoking cessation interventions.}, keywords = {Anti-Retroviral Agents, Body Mass Index, Cardiovascular Diseases, Drug Interactions, Educational Status, HIV Infections, Humans, Mental Disorders, Neoplasms, Nicotinic Agonists, Pneumonia, Bacterial, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Quality of Life, Risk Factors, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Social Class, Social Support, Substance-Related Disorders}, issn = {1943-5665}, doi = {10.1513/pats.201009-058WR}, author = {Rahmanian, Shiva and Wewers, Mary Ellen and Koletar, Susan and Reynolds, Nancy and Ferketich, Amy and Diaz, Philip} }