@article {2890,
	title = {HIV testing for pregnant women: a rights-based analysis of national policies.},
	journal = {Global public health},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2013},
	month = {2013},
	pages = {326-41},
	abstract = {Ethical and human rights concerns have been expressed regarding the global shift in policies on HIV testing of pregnant women. The main purpose of this research was to conduct a policy analysis using a human rights-based approach of national policies for HIV testing of pregnant women. We collected HIV testing policies from 19 countries including: Cambodia, China, Guyana, Haiti, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Moldova, Papua New Guinea, Russian Federation, South Africa, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Ukraine, United States, Uzbekistan, Zambia and Zimbabwe. We analysed the HIV testing policies using a standardised framework that focused on government obligations to respect, protect and fulfil. Our results highlight the need for more attention to issues of pregnant women{\textquoteright}s autonomy in consenting to HIV testing, confidentiality in antenatal care settings and provision of counselling and care services. We conclude with a discussion about potential implications of the current testing policies and provide recommendations for ways that HIV testing policies can more effectively uphold the human rights of pregnant women.},
	issn = {1744-1706},
	doi = {10.1016/j.amepre.2009.08.027},
	author = {King, Elizabeth J and Maman, Suzanne and Wyckoff, Sarah C and Pierce, Matthew W and Groves, Allison K}
}
