%0 Journal Article %J Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America %D 2006 %T Interactions between buprenorphine and antiretrovirals. II. The protease inhibitors nelfinavir, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ritonavir. %A McCance-Katz, Elinore F %A Moody, David E %A Smith, Patrick F %A Morse, Gene D %A Friedland, Gerald %A Pade, Patricia %A Baker, Jennifer %A Alvanzo, Anika %A Jatlow, Peter %A Rainey, Petrie M %K Adult %K Buprenorphine %K Case-Control Studies %K Cohort Studies %K Dose-Response Relationship, Drug %K Drug Administration Schedule %K Drug Interactions %K Female %K HIV Protease Inhibitors %K HIV Seronegativity %K Humans %K Lopinavir %K Male %K Narcotic Antagonists %K Nelfinavir %K Opioid-Related Disorders %K Probability %K Pyrimidinones %K Reference Values %K Risk Assessment %K Ritonavir %P S235-46 %R 10.3109/00952990.2011.568081 %V 43 Suppl 4 %X We examined drug interactions between buprenorphine, an opioid partial agonist available by prescription for treatment of opioid dependence, and the protease inhibitors (PIs) nelfinavir (NFV), ritonavir (RTV), and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/R). Opioid-dependent, buprenorphine/naloxone-maintained, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative volunteers (n=10 per PI) participated in 24-h pharmacokinetic studies, before and after administration of each PI. Symptoms of opiate withdrawal and excess were determined before and after PI administration. PI pharmacokinetics were determined and compared between opiate-dependent participants and healthy control participants (n=15 per PI). Administration of RTV, but not of NFV or LPV/R, resulted in a significant increase in the buprenorphine area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). Symptoms of opiate excess, however, were not observed. Buprenorphine had no significant effects on PI AUC. Adjustments of doses of either buprenorphine or NFV, LPV/R, or RTV are not likely to be necessary when these drugs are administered for the treatment of opioid dependence and HIV disease. %8 2006 Dec 15