%0 Journal Article %J Substance use & misuse %D 2011 %T Doubts remain, risks persist: HIV prevention knowledge and HIV testing among drug users in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. %A Singer, Merrill %A Clair, Scott %A Malta, Monica %A Bastos, Francisco I %A Bertoni, Neilane %A Santelices, Claudia %K Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome %K Brazil %K Drug Users %K Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice %K HIV Infections %K HIV Seropositivity %K Humans %K Interviews as Topic %K Male %K Substance Abuse, Intravenous %N 4 %P 511-22 %R 10.3109/10826081003720881 %V 46 %X Brazil has been recognized for being the first developing country to provide universal AIDS treatment. Brazil also implemented a comprehensive prevention initiative. These efforts have been successful, with about half the number of HIV/AIDS cases forecast in 1992 developing by 2000. However, HIV/AIDS continues to spread, including among not-in-treatment drug users. Questions have been raised about gaps in existing prevention efforts. Based on qualitative research in 2006-2008 with street drug users in Rio de Janeiro (focus groups, N=24; a pile sort, N=108; open-ended interviews, N=34), this paper examines enduring gaps in HIV knowledge and prevailing risk patterns and proposes strategies for strengthening prevention. %8 2011