%0 Journal Article %J Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society %D 2011 %T Cigarette smoking in the HIV-infected population. %A Rahmanian, Shiva %A Wewers, Mary Ellen %A Koletar, Susan %A Reynolds, Nancy %A Ferketich, Amy %A Diaz, Philip %K Anti-Retroviral Agents %K Body Mass Index %K Cardiovascular Diseases %K Drug Interactions %K Educational Status %K HIV Infections %K Humans %K Mental Disorders %K Neoplasms %K Nicotinic Agonists %K Pneumonia, Bacterial %K Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive %K Quality of Life %K Risk Factors %K Smoking %K Smoking Cessation %K Social Class %K Social Support %K Substance-Related Disorders %N 3 %P 313-9 %R 10.1513/pats.201009-058WR %V 8 %X As mortality due to AIDS-related causes has decreased with the use of antiretroviral therapy, there has been a rise in deaths related to non-AIDS-defining illnesses. Given the exceedingly high prevalence of cigarette smoking among individuals living with HIV infection, tobacco has been implicated as a major contributor to this paradigm shift. Evidence suggests that smoking-related illnesses, such as cardiovascular disease, respiratory illnesses, and certain malignancies, contribute substantially to morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected persons. In this review, we summarize the adverse health consequences of smoking relevant to HIV-infected individuals and discuss smoking cessation in this unique population, including a discussion of barriers to quitting and a review of studies that have examined smoking cessation interventions. %8 2011 Jun