| Title | Detection of HIV-1 nucleic acid and HIV-1 antibodies in needles and syringes used for non-intravenous injection. |
| Publication Type | Journal Article |
| Year of Publication | 1998 |
| Authors | Rich, J. D., B. P. Dickinson, J. M. Carney, A. Fisher, and R. Heimer |
| Journal | AIDS (London, England) |
| Volume | 12 |
| Issue | 17 |
| Pagination | 2345-50 |
| Date Published | 1998 Dec 3 |
| ISSN | 0269-9370 |
| Keywords | DNA, Viral, HIV Antibodies, HIV-1, Humans, Injections, Intramuscular, Injections, Subcutaneous, Needles, RNA, Viral, Syringes |
| Abstract | HIV antibodies and HIV DNA have been detected in needles and syringes that have been used for intravenous injections in HIV-infected persons. During intravenous injection, blood is typically aspirated into the lumen of the syringe. During intramuscular or subcutaneous injection, however, blood is not usually introduced into the syringe. |
| DOI | 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03149.x |
| Alternate Journal | AIDS |
